The calculation of ECL differs for different product groups. The most common approach is the probability-weighted approach which is covered by the component “PwECL”.
Different components are available for financial guarantees, trade receivables and current accounts. Please contact us for further details.
All components can be used for simulation purposes as well as the calculaton of the ECLs.
Component 'PwECL'
Since this ECL component is used for loans, money market assets and bonds, it is the most common and important one.
In the probability-weighted approach, the solution calculates the expected credit loss for an individual deal by applying the following ECL component:
Here,
- i goes through the periods 0,...,n until the maturity of the deal. A period can be a month up to a year.
- SR ( i ) is the survival rate of the deal for period i, i.e. the probability that the deal will not default until period i.
- PD (i, i + 1) is the probability that, under the assumption that the deal has not yet defaulted at the beginning of period i, the deal will default during period i.
- EAD ( i ) is the deal’s exposure at default that is expected for period i.
- LGD ( i ) is the loss given default. It is expressed as a percentage of the exposure that is likely to be lost when the deal is in default.
- DCF (EIR, TG ( i )) := e -EIR*TG ( i ) is the discount factor that adjusts the expected loss to its time value as of the reporting date, where EIR is the effective interest rate and TG ( i ) is the time gap between the beginning of the deal and the current period i.
This ECL is the lifetime value of the deal, covering its whole remaining term. For deals in stage 1, where the credit risk did not increase significantly since initial recognition, n is adjusted accordingly so that it covers 12 months.
Component 'ECL Loss Rate Approach'
This component is e.g. used for trade receivables and current accounts.
As a practical expedient for expected credit losses, the solution uses historical credit loss experience in order to estimate the 12-month expected credit losses or the lifetime expected credit losses on the financial assets as relevant.
The provision specifies fixed provision rates depending on the number of days past due. For example:
- 1 per cent if it is not past due,
- 2 per cent if it is less than 30 days past due,
- 3 per cent if it is more than 30 days but less than 90 days past due,
- 20 per cent if it is 90-180 days past due etc.
Depending on the diversity of the customer base, the solution supports appropriate groupings if its historical credit loss experience shows significantly different loss patterns for different customer segments. Examples of criteria that might be used for group assets include geographical region, product type, customer rating, collateral or trade credit insurance and type of customer (such as wholesale or retail).